# Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease #
:::warning
Madalas nagtatanong ang mga tao sa mga botika tungkol sa mga gamot laban sa presyon ng bagong henerasyon na walang side effects. Pero sa totoong buhay, hindi ito nangyayari. Lahat ng epektibong gamot ay may kanya-kanyang side effects. Kailangan mong maglaan ng maraming oras kasama ang iyong doktor para piliin ang tamang grupo ng gamot laban sa high blood pressure para sa'yo.
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## Recommendations for patients with cardiovascular diseases ##
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Primary prevention of cardiovascular diseases: Prevention is better than cure
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading causes of death. According to the world health organization (WHO), cases every year, millions of deaths — many of them, however, would be avoided. Primary prevention-that is, the prevention of these diseases even before they Occur, therefore represents a key challenge for the health system and each individual.
What is primary prevention? It is important to recognize risk factors at an early stage, and to influence targeted to the occurrence of heart attacks, strokes and other cardiovascular Suffering. This measures at the individual level, but also the whole of society strategies.
Important points of primary prevention:
A Healthy Diet. A balanced diet with lots of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and unsaturated fatty acids (e.g., fish and nuts) reduces the risk for hypertension and hypercholesterolemia. At the same time salt-, sugar‑, and TRANS should be reduced fat intake.
Regular physical activity. At least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week — for example, by walking, Cycling or Swimming to strengthen the circulatory System and help to keep the weight in the normal range.
Waiver of Smoking. Nicotine and other harmful substances in tobacco smoke can damage the blood vessels and increase the risk of atherosclerosis. The waiver of Smoking leads after a short time to significantly improve the heart health.
Moderate Consumption Of Alcohol. Excessive alcohol consumption can lead to high blood pressure, heart rhythm disorders, and other problems. Therefore, a moderate dealing with alcoholic beverages is recommended.
Stress management. Chronic Stress is hard on the cardiovascular System. Relaxation techniques such as Meditation, Yoga, or autogenic Training can be helpful here.
Regular Health Checks. Blood pressure measurements, blood sugar and cholesterol tests enable early detection of risk factors and allow for early intervention.
Social measures also play an important role: Healthy food should be more easily accessible and cheaper, cycle paths and pedestrian areas expanded, Smoking bans strict control and awareness campaigns to heart health intensified.
The primary prevention is not a short-term, but requires a long-term commitment on an individual as well as societal level. But the investment is worth it: With simple, everyday measures the risk of cardiovascular can be diseases significantly lower, and the quality of life and life expectancy can be significantly improved.
Prevention is indeed better than cure — and anyone can contribute to.
> Ang Cardio Balance Kapseln ay isang epektibo at ligtas na paraan para mapanatili ang kalusugan ng puso at pababain ang presyon ng dugo. Dahil sa kanilang natural na sangkap at mataas na bisa, nagiging maaasahang katuwang sila sa paglaban sa mataas na presyon ng dugo at sa pagpapabuti ng kalidad ng buhay.
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## High blood pressure is a deferment from the army ##
High blood pressure as a reason for exemption from military service: Medical and legal aspects
Hypertension medical arterial hypertension referred to, in certain cases a possible reason for the exemption from military service. This Text examines the medical criteria, as well as the legal framework under which an exemption may be granted on the basis of high blood pressure.
Medical Basics
Arterial hypertension is diagnosed if the blood pressure readings are consistently above the normal range. According to current medical guidelines, a systolic value of ≥applies 140 mmHg and/or diastolic ≥90 mmHg as a morbidly increased. The disease can lead to significant stress for the cardiovascular System and the risk for complications such as heart attack, stroke or kidney damage increase.
In the assessment of the ability to Service, in particular, the following aspects are in the foreground:
Degree of hypertension: A mild hypertension (grade I) may not be sufficient under the circumstances to justify a full exemption, while severe forms (degree II and III) represent a greater impairment.
Therapy rezistenz: If the blood cannot be set pressure despite adequate drug therapy is stable, this indicates a significant disease expression.
Organ involvement: Existing damage to target organs (heart, kidneys, eyes, background, cerebral vessels) exacerbate the prognosis and the assessment is crucial.
Co-morbidities: The combination of hypertension and other chronic diseases (e.g. Diabetes mellitus, coronary heart disease) increases the overall risk significantly.
Legal Framework
In Germany, the law on compulsory military service, and the service suitability regulation, the criteria for determining the service's ability to regulate. In accordance with the requirements of persons whose state of health has a significant impairment will be divided into various categories:
services capable,
service capable of
disabled.
For exemption for high blood pressure the following conditions must be verified:
Sustainable medical documentation: long-Term blood pressure measurements (daily profile, ambulatory measurement), medical findings and courses of Treatment must be available.
Objective findings: evidence of organ damage by imaging techniques (echocardiography, renal function tests, examination of the eyes), or laboratory analysis.
Therapy patient history: evidence that appropriate treatment has been initiated and the success is well documented.
Prognostic assessment: A doctor needs to assess whether the disease is likely to remain over a longer period of time and the physical performance limits.
Conclusion
High blood pressure may serve, in certain circumstances, in fact as a reason for exemption from military service. In addition, what is the blood pressure values, but in particular, the degree of the disease, the Presence of complications, as well as resistance to Therapy are. An objective and comprehensive medical examination is a prerequisite for an informed assessment of the Service capability. The decision on an exemption is carried out by the competent military authority on the Basis of a medical opinion.
<a href="https://hackmd.openmole.org/s/6znHf8WVo">Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease</a> ** Primary prevention of cardiovascular disease **.
Recommendations for patients with cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular diseases are among the most common health problems in our society. You relate to people of different ages and can have serious consequences. However, with the right Lifestyle and targeted measures, the risk can be reduced and the quality of life will significantly improve. Here are some important recommendations for patients suffering from cardiovascular diseases.
1. Healthy Diet
A balanced diet plays a Central role in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. Patients should pay attention to on a low salt intake, as salt can increase blood pressure. In addition, it is advisable to reduce the consumption of saturated fats and sugar. Instead, we recommend:
a lot of fruits and vegetables;
whole-grain products;
low-fat dairy products;
fat-rich fish such as salmon or mackerel (because of the Omega‑3 fatty acids).
2. Regular physical activity
Exercise strengthens the heart and promotes blood circulation. However, patients should talk before starting a new exercise routine with your doctor. Appropriate activities are:
Walks;
Cycling;
Swimming;
Gymnastic or Yoga.
Aim should be to achieve at least 150 minutes of moderate physical activity per week.
3. Give up Smoking
Smoking damages the blood vessels and increases the risk for heart attacks and strokes. Patients with cardiovascular problems, stop as quickly as possible with the smoke. Provide support:
medical consultation;
Nicotine replacement therapy;
Self-help groups.
4. Stress management
Constant Stress can cause blood pressure to rise and the heart to strain. Relaxation techniques such as Meditation, autogenic Training or progressive muscle relaxation can help. Also a sufficient and regular sleep (at least 7-8 hours per night) is important.
5. Regular medical check-UPS
Patients with cardiovascular diseases have to leave your state of health is continuously monitored. Regular appointments with the cardiologist or family doctor allow you to:
the control of blood pressure;
the Review of the fats in the blood;
the adjustment of the medication, if necessary.
6. Medication
Many patients need to take medications all my life, to protect your heart and prevent complications. It is important that the prescribed medications exactly according to the instructions to take, even if no symptoms are more.
Conclusion
The lifestyle diseases has a decisive influence on the course of cardiovascular disease. With a healthy diet, adequate exercise, stress reduction and regular medical controls, patients can increase your well-being significantly and the risk for severe complications decrease. The close cooperation with the attending physician is the key to success.
- [x] <a href="https://md.infs.ch/s/eLsg0qDZYY">Recommendations for patients with cardiovascular diseases</a>
- [x] <a href="https://hedgedoc.ichmann.de/s/f2vTXyb9e4">High blood pressure is a deferment from the army</a>
- [x] <a href="https://pad.deckenpfronn.info/s/QTZsJtbEv">The identification of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases</a>
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## The identification of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases ##
The identification of risk factors for cardiovascular diseases
Cardiovascular diseases (CVD) are one of the leading causes of death worldwide. The identification and analysis of risk factors plays a crucial role in the prevention and early Intervention to reduce the incidence and mortality of these diseases.
Primary Risk Factors
The primary modifiable risk factors include:
Arterial hypertension: A permanently elevated blood pressure (≥140/90 mmHg) charged to the vessels of the heart and the blood and increases the risk for heart attack and stroke significantly.
Dyslipidemia: An unhealthy lipid constellation, in particular, an elevated total cholesterol and LDL‑cholesterol and a low HDL‑cholesterol, promotes atherosclerosis development.
Tobacco use: cigarette Smoking leads to vasoconstriction, increased thrombus formation and accelerated atherosclerosis.
Diabetes mellitus: in Particular, type 2 Diabetes is associated with an increased risk for CVD, since it causes damage to the vascular wall, and metabolic disturbances caused.
Overweight and obesity: An increased Body Mass Index (BMI ≥25 kg/m
2
), and in particular the Central adipose tissue increase the load on the cardiovascular System.
Lack of exercise: A low physical activity promotes Obesity, hypertension and dyslipidemia and reduce cardiovascular Fitness.
Unhealthy diet: A high intake of saturated fatty acids, TRANS fats, sugar and salt, as well as a lack of fiber, fruits and vegetables, can promote the development of risk factors.
Non-modifiable risk factors
Some risk factors you can't control, but must be in the individual risk assessment takes into account:
Age: With age, the risk for CVD is increasing exponentially.
Gender: men generally have a higher risk of early cardiovascular events; after Menopause, the risk in women approaches that of men.
Genetic predisposition: A family history of early cardiovascular disease (in men before the age of 55. Age, and in women before the age of 65. Years of age), increases the individual's risk.
Other relevant factors
Increasingly, other aspects to be investigated as potential risk factors:
Psychosocial Stress: Chronic Stress, Depression, and social Isolation can increase the neuro-endocrine mechanisms of the risk.
Sleep disorders: in Particular, obstructive sleep apnea is associated with hypertension and arrhythmic events.
Air pollution: long-term pollution by fine particles (PM2.5) seems to increase the cardiovascular risk.
Methods of risk factor identification
The identification is done by:
A history of collection: collection of lifestyle factors, medical conditions and family medical history.
Physical examination: measurement of blood pressure, BMI, waist circumference.
Laboratory analyses: blood tests to determine cholesterol (LDL, HDL, triglycerides), blood sugar, HbA1c and inflammatory markers (e.g. C‑reactive Protein).
Instruments for risk assessment: use of Scores such as the SCORE algorithm (Systematic COronary Risk Evaluation) for the calculation of the 10‑year risk of a fatal cardiovascular event.
Conclusion
The systematic identification of risk factors allows for a targeted prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Through the modification of lifestyle factors, and medical control of hypertension, Diabetes and dyslipidemia, the individual and societal risk can be significantly reduced. Regular health examinations, and education of the population, are of Central importance.
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